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Writer's pictureJason T

Understanding Stroke vs. TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack): Key Knowledge for Nursing Students

Updated: Nov 2


Heart & Stroke Foundation Canada Stroke is a medical emergency FAST poster.

During our Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) training sessions, we receive many questions on whether strokes or TIAs (Transient Ischemic Attacks) are similar to heart attacks or angina. Both involve restricted blood flow, but it’s crucial to understand their distinct characteristics. In our Basic Life Support (BLS) courses, we cover how to recognize and respond to these emergencies, helping future nurses quickly identify symptoms and take appropriate action.


Stroke VS TIA

What is the difference between a Stroke VS TIA?

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack): “Mini Stroke”

A TIA, often called a “mini-stroke,” produces symptoms similar to a full-blown stroke but tends to be brief, resolving within minutes to hours. TIAs are typically caused by temporary blockages in blood flow due to factors like CVD, atherosclerosis, or hereditary conditions. Visualize a tube through which blood flows freely—now, slightly pinch it. This partial blockage, if in the brain, restricts oxygen and blood flow, leading to TIA symptoms. Just as angina is a temporary warning sign for a heart attack, a TIA can signal an increased stroke risk, alerting individuals to address contributing risk factors.


Stroke

In contrast, a stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain (or a part of it) is completely blocked, leading to cell death in the affected tissue. Using the same "tube" analogy, imagine pinching it entirely shut. No oxygen-rich blood can reach the brain tissue, resulting in a stroke—a serious, potentially life-threatening event that can cause permanent damage if untreated. Recognizing this difference is vital for nurses, as prompt intervention can improve outcomes significantly.


Symptoms: “4 Sudden Signs” of Stroke or TIA

  1. Sudden Headache – Severe, often migraine-like.

  2. Sudden Weakness – Typically affecting one side of the body.

  3. Sudden Speech Problems – Aphasia or difficulty forming words.

  4. Sudden Confusion/Anxiety – Slurred or garbled speech, facial drooping, or loss of motor control on one side.


Are their different types of Strokes? "Yes"


Types of Medical Emergencies known as Stroke.

Can I give ASA for a Stroke?

For people who have not had a stroke or been diagnosed with heart or vascular disease, taking ASA daily for prevention is not recommended, according to the updated guidelines.


For people who have been diagnosed with one of these conditions, you should still take a daily dose of ASA if it has been prescribed by your doctor. This might seem confusing. Toronto-based family physician Dr. Jeff Habert, who helped develop the recommendations, clears things up.


During a medical Emergency such as a Stroke - Giving ASA has a pro and a con depending on the situation. If its a Hemorrhagic Stroke, ASA should "not" be given, if it is an Ischemic Stroke, ASA "should" be given. The situation may be altered by the addition of a medication and the potential of exacerbating the underlying condition. NOTE - Please consult your local regulatory guidelines on the administration of ASA during a Stroke.



Risk Factors

Key risk factors for strokes and TIAs include:

  • Smoking

  • High blood pressure

  • Poor diet (processed foods)

  • High cholesterol

  • Obesity

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • Chronic stress

  • Gender and age

  • Hereditary factors


How to Help

  1. Stay Calm and Act Fast: Place the person in a comfortable position and keep them as still as possible.

  2. Call 911 Immediately: It’s impossible to distinguish between a TIA and a stroke on your own; even a TIA requires immediate medical assessment.

  3. Assist if Able: Keep the individual calm, assist with medication if prescribed, and wait for professional help. Don't waste time trying to self-diagnose the symptoms.


Why This Matters for Nursing Students

Understanding these emergencies and the skills taught in Basic Life Support (BLS) training helps nursing students build confidence in recognizing and managing life-threatening conditions. Remember, a TIA might be a "wake-up call" for lifestyle changes, while a stroke demands immediate action.

Nursing students can benefit greatly from this foundational knowledge. By learning to act swiftly, you can make a critical difference in the life of a patient experiencing a stroke or TIA. Preparedness is key—knowing the symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of immediate response will ensure you are ready to step in when needed.


“This information is for educational purposes only and has been compiled from the Canadian Red Cross, Alberta Heart & Stroke Foundation, and Alberta Health Services. Always consult a healthcare professional or safety training facility for medical guidance.”

Protect Yourself! Call 911! Don’t Waste Time! Learn First Aid and BLS Today & Save a Life Tomorrow with Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd.

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Jason T - Author

Author - Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd

Jason T

Retired EMT - Heart & Stroke Foundation Senior Instructor

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