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Writer's pictureJason T

Understanding and Responding to Shock: A Guide for Nursing Students

Updated: Nov 3

Shock is a critical condition that everyone will likely encounter at some point, and it's essential to recognize that it can be deadly if not addressed promptly. The key takeaway is: "Shock Always Has A Cause." By identifying and addressing the underlying cause, you can help mitigate its effects.


A baby with a shocked look.

What is Shock?

Shock occurs when the body experiences a sudden internal or external event that demands more oxygen-rich blood than the body can supply. As a result, the body prioritizes vital organs, diverting oxygen-rich blood away from less critical areas. If any vital organ does not receive enough blood or oxygen, it will begin to fail. This is why "Shock Can Be Deadly."


"Anyone can go into shock, even those rescuing the casualties."


Common Causes of Shock

  • Excessive Blood Loss

  • A Weak Heart

  • Extensive Burns

  • Infection

  • Excessive Fluid Loss

  • Fear or Anxiety

  • And more

Types of Shock during a First Aid Scenario.

Recognizing Shock

Watch for the following signs:

  • Altered Personality

  • Extreme Anxiety

  • Cool, Clammy Skin

  • Pale Skin Tone

  • Confusion

  • Excessive Thirst

  • Rapid Breathing

  • Nausea/Vomiting/Weakness

  • Drowsiness


How to Help

  1. Move or Remove the casualty from the cause of shock, if possible.

  2. Assess the Victim and identify the root cause. "Shock Always Has A Cause."

  3. Offer Comfort, Warmth, and Reassurance to the casualty.

  4. Treat the Cause of the shock following local emergency response guidelines.


Shock Treatments

  • Altered Personality/Consciousness: Provide comfort and warmth. Do not restrain the casualty. Guide them to a position of comfort and wait for medical help. Call 911 if necessary.

  • Extreme Anxiety: Offer comfort and warmth. Respect personal boundaries and assist with breathing exercises. If the casualty's breathing becomes erratic, call 911. In Alberta, you can also dial 211 to speak with a qualified mental health professional.

  • Blood Loss: Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean, non-stick dressing. If bleeding persists, use a pressure bandage. Apply pressure points by placing a rolled-up dressing or object in the joint above the wound. Only apply a tourniquet under the advisement of a 911 dispatcher.


Be Prepared

You never know when you'll need to help someone in shock. Knowledge and preparedness are key.


“This material is for informational purposes only, based on resources from The Canadian Red Cross, Alberta Heart & Stroke Foundation, and Alberta Health Services. It should not replace professional medical advice. For questions, consult your local physician or safety training facility.”

Remember:

  • Protect Yourself

  • Call 911

  • Don't Waste Time



RESOURCES:

Heart and Stroke Foundation Accredited trainer logo.
 

Jason T - Author

Author - Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd

Jason T

Retired EMT - Heart & Stroke Foundation Senior Instructor

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